Roadside Ovens, Fires Add to Pollution Woes in Kolkata

In Kolkata, the rising number of roadside cooking units, fueled by coal and wood, is becoming a growing concern for air quality. These open fires, often used by street vendors to prepare food, are contributing to the city’s already high levels of pollution. As the environmental impact of these cooking methods becomes more evident, experts are urging the government to take action before the situation worsens.

The Environmental Impact of Roadside Ovens

The practice of cooking on open fires, especially with coal and wood, has been common in many urban areas, including Kolkata. The pollutants released from these materials—such as carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds—are harmful to both the environment and public health. With an increase in roadside cooking operations, the cumulative effect on air quality has raised concerns among environmentalists.

Key Pollutants:

1. Particulate Matter (PM): Burning coal and wood releases tiny particles that can penetrate deep into the lungs and contribute to respiratory diseases.
2. Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas, carbon monoxide from these fires can reduce the body's oxygen supply, posing significant health risks.
3. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): These pollutants contribute to smog formation and have harmful effects on the respiratory system.

The Resurgence of Roadside Cooking

After the pandemic, many street vendors have resumed using traditional methods of cooking, often in areas where access to modern cooking technologies is limited. The return of coal and wood-fired ovens has brought back the environmental concerns that were previously addressed through awareness campaigns and regulations.Environmentalists highlight that while these cooking methods may be affordable and accessible, they are also unsustainable in the long term. The increased frequency of these practices exacerbates the city's pollution levels, which already exceed safe limits.

Health Risks to Residents

The dangers of air pollution caused by roadside ovens extend beyond the street vendors themselves. Nearby residents, particularly in congested urban areas, are also at risk. Prolonged exposure to pollutants can lead to respiratory conditions, cardiovascular diseases, and aggravated asthma.

Health Risks Include:

• Respiratory Diseases: Inhalation of smoke and particulate matter can cause chronic bronchitis, asthma, and lung infections.
• Heart Disease: Long-term exposure to air pollution can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attacks and strokes.
• Increased Mortality: Studies have linked air pollution to a higher incidence of premature deaths.

The Need for Action

Environmentalists are calling for stricter regulations to curb the use of coal and wood for cooking in urban areas. There is a need for better enforcement of existing air quality standards, as well as the promotion of cleaner, more sustainable cooking technologies.Several alternatives to open fires are already available, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electric stoves, which are less harmful to air quality. The government and local authorities are being urged to create incentives for street vendors to transition to these cleaner cooking methods.

Conclusion

Kolkata’s pollution woes are being compounded by the resurgence of roadside ovens and open fires. While these cooking methods have been part of the city's culinary culture, their environmental and health impacts cannot be ignored. Moving towards cleaner alternatives and enforcing stricter regulations on air quality are crucial steps in ensuring the health of both the city's residents and its environment.

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